Biography

Dr. Rahul G. Ingle working as a Professor at Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to University), Sawangi (M), Wardha, India. He pursued his post doctorate from Zhejiang University, China. He has about three years of experience in the teaching undergraduate students and about six years of research experience at Roselabs, Ahmedabad (India), and Wockhardt Research Centre, Aurangabad (India). He has authored about 30 national and international publications and an Indian patent. He has presented papers at several conferences. He also serves as a reviewer of number of research journals.

Abstract

Nucleic acid (NA)-based biopharmaceuticals have emerged as promising therapeutic modalities. NA therapeutics is a diverse class of RNA and DNA and includes antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, small activating RNA, and gene therapies. Meanwhile, NA therapeutics has posed significant stability and delivery challenges and is expensive. We discuss the challenges and opportunities for achieving stable formulations of NAs with novel drug delivery systems (DDSs). In addition, the current progress in the stability issues and the significance of novel DDSs associated with NA-based biopharmaceuticals, as well as mRNA vaccines. We also highlight the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved NA-based therapeutics with their formulation profiles. NA therapeutics could impact future markets if the remaining challenges and requirements are addressed.

Biography

Natalia Chikurova graduated from the Chemistry Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia in 2019 and received her PhD in Chemistry in 2023. From 2021 she worked at the Department of Analytical Chemistry of Moscow State University as a junior

researcher, since 2022 she holds the position of assistant where she works in the group of design and application of new materials for HPLC separations, from 2023 she also works as a junior researcher in the Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Scientific work is devoted to the development of novel stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography with increased selectivity. The use of the developed phases for the solution of various tasks in biochemistry is the subject of the scientific work. The main research results were published in journals indexed in Scopus and WoS and included in Q1 (Journal of chromatography A, International Journal of Molecular Sciences), and abstracts of conferences (including HPLC-2023, Dusseldorf).  

Abstract

Biography

Abstract

Medicinal plants in particular have been used in traditional medicine since antiquity to maintain holistic health and have provided preventive and curative medicines in infectious conditions. Medicinal plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which are known to have immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic and anticancer properties.The emergence of new infectious diseases, the resurgence of several infections that appeared to have been controlled and the increase in bacterial resistance have created the necessity for studies directed towards the development of new antimicrobials. Considering the failure to acquire new molecules with antimicrobial properties from microorganisms, there is a shift in focus: looking novel compounds showing antimicrobial activity in some exotic plants. 

Biography

Leonid Shaposhnikov graduated from the Chemistry Department of
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia in 2019 and received
his PhD in Chemistry in 2024. From 2021 he worked at the Department of
Chemical Enzymology of Moscow State University as an assistant, and
from 2023 he works as a junior researcher in the Federal Research
Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of
Sciences. Scientific work is devoted to the cloning, obtaining, and
studying enzymes from various organisms for medicinal or
biotechnological purposes. The main research results were published in
journals indexed in Scopus and WoS and included in Q1 (Journal of
chromatography A, International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Biomolecules).

Abstract

Metaloendopeptidase M23 of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 belongs to the superfamily of metaloendopeptidases. These enzymes catalyze the cleavage of peptidoglycan and cleave either the N-acylmuramoyl-Ala bond between the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cross-linking peptide or a bond within the cross-linking peptide preferring the poly-Gly in this peptide making them preferably cleave gram-positive bacteria. These peptidases usually use Zn ions for catalysis. It was found that M23 peptidase is expressed in Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 due to presence of other microorganisms. This enzyme could be important for designing new antimicrobial agents especially against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

In this work we obtained recombinant M23 from L. reuteri LR1 (the strain was kindly provided by the All-Russian Dairy Research Institute (VNIMI)). We studied expression levels of this enzyme in E. coli and optimized it by removing signal peptide coding sequence from the enzyme’s sequence. After the optimization of this enzyme’s expression in E. coli it is now possible to obtain M23 in bigger quantities and use it as potential antibacterial agent. We’ve also completed preliminary test on non-pathogenic gram-positive bacteria such as B. megaterium and shown that M23 causes lysis of these bacteria.

Biography

Kyryl O.Bocharov is a scientist in the field of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. He is a third-year bachelor student of Applied Chemistry at IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems. Austria. He is defending his Bachelor Thesis on "Carbocyclisation of aldoses using NHC catalysis via Stetter reaction". He has many years of experience in organic synthesis of bioactive compounds, as well as in the use of modern methods of spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking. His research is focused on the development of new methods for the synthesis of organic compounds with high potential applications in medicine and academia.

Abstract

The chemistry of indolizine derivatives holds great promise for the development of potential new drugs. Both natural and synthetic indolizines have demonstrated a diverse range of pharmaceutical properties, from antitumour and antimycobacterial to antagonistic and antiproliferative activities. The discovery and strategic planning of new building blocks for the synthesis of potential indolizine compounds represents a significant breakthrough in improving and optimizing the chemical production of existing drugs. The multistep synthesis of indolizine derivatives was proposed and carried out based on Eugene Babaev's studies on the use of 2-halogenpyridinium salts. The synthesis included a modified method of benzyl bromide addition without the use of solvents, S_NVin reaction with diverse symmetric and asymmetric C-nucleophiles (CH-acids) and intermolecular cyclisation by Thorpe-Ziegler. The synthesis of aryl and vinyl derivatives resulted in high yields, as confirmed and described by NMR ¹H, ¹³C, LC-MS data and reported in our recent publication. Finally, we have developed and systematised an efficient method for synthesising potential new indolizine building blocks for further application in medicinal chemistry and cutting-edge drug design.

Biography

Abhishek qualified as a pharmacist in 1998 in India. He graduated with a B.Sc degree with Biochemistry in 2001 and completed an MSc in 2004. Abhishek qualified the National Eligibility Test (NET) in 2003. He was awarded the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) in 2004 organised by the University Grant Commission (UGC), India. Following this, Abhishek became a Researcher at the University of Wolverhampton where he gained an MPhil in 2008. He completed his PhD at the University of Wolverhampton in the area of the development and characterisation of biosynthetic hydrogels for wound management applications. Abhishek completed the Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice in Higher Education and is a fellow of Higher Education Academy (FHEA). Before taking the position of Senior Lecturer in the School of Pharmacy at the University of Wolverhampton within the Faculty of Science and Engineering (FSE), Abhishek served as a Teaching Associate in FSE and as a Lecturer in Anatomy and Physiology in the Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing (FEHW).

Abstract

Attributing to their high surface area to volume ratio, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have attracted application in pharmaceutical nanotechnology sector¹. In this study, the novel green synthesis of AgNP using aqueous curcumin:hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin (CUR:HP?CD) complex is accomplished. CUR:HP?CD complex was produced using CUR and HP?CD (by solvent evaporation method². A novel green chemistry approach was developed to produce CUR reduced silver nanoparticles (cAgNP). An aqueous solution of CUR:HP?CD was added dropwise to AgNO₃ aqueous solution under boiling conditions in the dark, with continuous stirring and boiling for 3 hours. The resulting cAgNP were characterised to assess their potential for wound management, particularly in controlling microbial infections.

Biography

Mr. Sivacharan Kollipara is currently working as Team Lead, Biopharmaceutics in the Global Clinical Management group, IPDO at Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited (DRL), Hyderabad. He is responsible for biopharmaceutics evaluation, bioequivalence risk assessment, and bioequivalence prediction for conventional as well as complex generic products at DRL. He is also involved in PK modeling and simulations activities supporting generic drug development of various immediate release, modified release, and complex products at DRL and involved in utilizing novel PBPK and PBBM modeling approaches for regulatory justifications for various markets. Prior to joining DRL, Mr. Kollipara was Principal Scientist (Global Pharmaceutical Development) at Novartis Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Hyderabad. 

Abstract

Generic formulation development aids in faster availability of cheaper and effective medicines into the market. In order to achieve this objective, it is imperative that the product development should be expedited and all novel approaches in order bring medicine as early as possible into the market should be considered. Approaches such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and physiologically based biopharmaceutics (PBBM) modeling aids to speed up the generic product development by obtaining confidence into the bioequivalence studies and waiving the unnecessary clinical studies in humans. In this context, this oral presentation highlights the use of PBPK and PBBM in generic product development. 

Biography

Rashid Mahmood has Master Degree in Analytical Chemistry and MS in Total Quality Management. He is having over 20 years of experience of Pharmaceutical Technical Operations and has represented his country as a keynote speaker in many international conferences.  He has presented various talks in USA, Canada, UK and UAE on Cleaning Validation, GXP, Quality Risk Management, Role of Mass Spectrometry in Pharmaceuticals and on new Drug Delivery Systems.

Currently he is working as General Manager Technical Operations in Surge Laboratories Private Limited, Manufacturer of Microencapsulated APIs, Liquid & Sterile Dry Powder Parentrals. Surge Laboratories is one the best export oriented organization of Pakistan.

Abstract

Hot melt extrusion (HME) is emerging technology which is gaining high importance in the pharmaceutical industry as a novel technique  for the preparation of various dosage forms and drug delivery systems, for example granules and sustained release tablets. It is a fast growing technology platform that is utilized to solve difficult formulation challenges, primarily in the area of solubilization. Due to fast processing, high degree of automation, absence of solvents, simple and continuous operation and ability to process poorly compactable material into tablet form are some of the main advantages offered over conventional processing by this emerging technique. Applications of HME in pharmaceutical industry continues to grow and recent success of this technique have made it a useful tool of consideration as a drug delivery solution.

Biography

Dr. Annie FRELET-BARRAND studied biochemistry at the University of Franche-Comté (France) and was graduated as MS in 1998. In 2006, she received her PhD degree on membrane proteins (MP) characterization at the Institute of Plant Biology, Zurich. During her postdoctoral fellowship (CEA Grenoble, France), she developed L. lactis system for functional characterization of MPs. In 2009, she became CNRS Researcher at CEA Saclay, studying MPs involved in liver detoxification. In 2015, she integrated the Institute FEMTO-ST and is now producing and characterizing by biological, biochemical and biophysical techniques diverse (nano)biological elements from MPs, vesicles to bacteria and mammalian cells. She published 33 research articles including 4 book chapters (h=16).

Abstract

Membrane proteins (MPs) perform a wide variety of functions vital to the survival of organisms. Involved in numerous pathologies, they are important drug targets. In spite of their functional and biotechnological importance, their study remains difficult due to their hydrophobicity and low abundance in cells. Their overexpression in heterologous systems is mandatory for their detailed structural and functional characterization. However, this strategy leads to numerous obstacles such as their toxicity to hosts and the quality of the MP produced in these systems, especially for structural studies.

The antimicrobial peptide nisin is commonly used to control pathogenic microorganisms in dairy foods and presents anti-cancer properties and, at sub inhibiting concentrations, through the NICE (Nisin Controlled gene Expression) system for expression of proteins, either soluble or membrane of diverse origins and functions.

Using this tightly controlled gene expression system, in the last twenty years, more than 100 MPs were expressed allowing either their functional and/or structural characterization [1,2]. Recently, one eukaryotic membrane protein was expressed at a relatively high expression yield and allowed the formation of intracellular vesicles [3].

In conclusion, L. lactis represents a promising and interesting system for expression of functional proteins, including MPs. This system could be used in the future for expression of MPs of pharmaceutical interest and for biotechnological purposes.

Biography

Syed Asif Shah has done Masters in Chemistry and MBA in Marketing. He is a Trainer and Seasoned Quality professional having 18 years of diversified experience in pharmaceutical industry including Quality Assurance, QMS, Compliance, Audits, Data Integrity, Sterility Assurance, Aseptic and terminal Sterile techniques, Validation, Quality Control and Training, Currently working in Nabiqasim industries as Group Head of QA, Managing Nabiqasim(pvt)Ltd and Surge Laboratories. Nabiqasim industries, Manufacturer of Oral solid dosage, Oral liquid, Suspension, sachets, derma, Cephalosporin, Hormones, Sterile eye drops, Lyophilize, laxative enema products whereas Surge laboratories is a manufacture of Microencapsulated APIs, Liquid & Sterile Dry Powder Parenteral. Nabiqasim group is one the best export oriented organization of Pakistan

Abstract

In the pharmaceutical industry every product and every process associated with risks. To maintain product quality throughout the product life cycle, too much time and resources are allocated. Risk is described in - recent guidance as a combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm. The Quality Risk Management (QRM) approach initiated by regulatory agencies with recognized management tools along with support of statistic al tools in combination allows for a risk-based approach to quality management, thus ensuring that resources are deployed in a timely and expeditious manner to areas that need them most.

QRM improves risk awareness and accelerates detection of potential issues by analyzing and comparing existing data from a quality perspective to manage product quality, manufacturing processes, validation and compliance within a risk based Quality Management System. In addition quality risk management improves decision making if a quality problem arises. It should include systemic processes designated to co-ordinate, facilitate and improve science-based decision-making with respect to risk.

Biography

Zubair Ameen is a student at Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. With a background in agriculture and social media, Zubair explores the intersection of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biological Sciences, and Digital Marketing. His research focuses on discovering new possibilities in Agricultural Biotechnology to introduce sustainable agriculture in Pakistan. Zubair has a proven track record of teamwork and leadership skills. He presented a thematic poster on "CRISPR Cas-9" and secured first position in his department. Currently, he is seeking opportunities for fellowships to pursue his master's studies abroad and fulfill his dreams.

Abstract

Agro-biotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool for revolutionizing the way we develop and produce natural products. By harnessing the latest advances in genetic engineering, bioprocessing, and bioinformatics, scientists can now design and produce high-value natural products with enhanced efficacy, sustainability, and environmental stewardship.

This review focuses on the intersection of agro-biotechnology and natural products, exploring innovative approaches to: Develop novel natural products with improved yield and quality, enhance crop resilience and disease resistance through genetic engineering, discover new bioactive compounds with medicinal and industrial applications and ensure sustainable agricultural practices and environmental stewardship.

My review highlights the vast potential of agro-biotechnology in addressing global challenges, including climate change, food security, and human health. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with natural product development, we can unlock new possibilities for sustainable development, economic growth, and human well-being.

This abstract showcases the transformative power of agro-biotechnology in shaping the future of natural product development, paving the way for a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous world.

Biography

Abstract

The advent of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in medical genetics, enabling the identification of disease-associated variants. However, the vast quantum of data produced by NGS necessitates a robust and dependable mechanism for filtering irrelevant variants. Annotation-based variant filtering, a pivotal step in this process, demands a profound understanding of the case-specific conditions and the relevant annotation instruments. To tackle this complex task, we sought to design an accessible, efficient and more importantly easy to understand variant filtering tool.

Biography

Ms. Suchita G. Waghmare, Currently working as full time Research Scholar in Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur , Maharashtra, India. She has been awarded with “Mahatma Jyotiba Phuley Research Fellowship 2022”. She is having 8 years working experience in academic as Associate Professor at Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy, Chandrapur , Maharashtra, India. She has completed her Masters in Industrial Pharmacy from Sudhakarao Naik Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad,Maharashtra,  India. She is having more than 18 national and international publications. She published 02 books and 04 books chapters. She has delivered 01 guest lecture and attended 45 conferences/workshop and FDPs. She has presented papers in conferences via 04 Oral and 04 Poster Presentations. She has Completed Credit Courses from SWAYAM-NPTL. She was Local Organizing Committee Member for Indian Science Congress 2023 and XIX National Scientific Conclave 2023. She is actively working in the field of Polymeric Material Development, Nanoparticulated Drug Delivery System and 3D Bioprinting. She is an active life member of PCI and Indian Science Congress.

Abstract

Polymeric material development and 3D Bioprinting has become a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of different fields, including medicine. Applications have expanded along with printer capability, resolution, and material availability. Researchers persist in enhancing current medical applications utilising 3D printing technology and investigating novel ones. The medical advance that have been made using 3D Printing are already significant and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary application, such as organ printing will need time to evolve.  So this work covers topic protocols in 3D bioprinting in which material development for 3D bio printing, processes, type of Bioprinters, Bio-inks, Case studies and applications of 3D Printed material in drug delivery.

Biography

Haytam Kasem received his master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France, in 2004. He received his Ph.D. degree in tribology of composite materials from the University of Orleans, France, in 2008. He joined the Tribology Laboratory at Technion, Israel, in 2012 and the Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem (JCE), Israel, in 2013. His current positions are Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Head of the Tribology and Microstructure Laboratory at the JCE. His research areas cover the tribology of bionic microstructures, biotribology, mechano?chemical surface treatment, and the tribology of friction brakes.

Abstract

Any future development of new artificial lubricants for osteoarthritis treatment necessities full characterization of lubrication properties in terms of boundary lubrication joint, mobility, and frictional behavior. However, tribology has not yet been integrated with the clinical reality of worn particles present in synovial fluid and their impact on osteoarthritic joints. Part of the problem relates to the tribological approach adopted to study friction by applying inadequate testing methods such as pion-on-disc or block-on-ring testers. Furthermore, most of the studies reported in the literature so fare consider biological cartilage sample rubbing against a smooth and hard counterface, such as glass, covered with the lubricant liquid. This configuration suffers of lack of imitation of physiological conditions of biological joints.

To bridge the gap, in the present study synovial fluid containing, or not, worn particles was studied using a customized test-rig (tribometer). This device enables the contact to be open at the end of each friction cycle and to simulate hence more closely the natural knee joint contact conditions. Moreover, friction tests are performed with cartilage-on-cartilage configuration and the outcome results are compared to those obtained with the classical cartilage-on-glass configuration.

Results show clearly that opening the contact at the end of each friction cycle enables the lubricant to re-cover the rubbing surfaces, which allows to better illustrate the effect of the worn particles present in the lubricant. In addition, cartilage-on-cartilage configuration leads to lower but more irregular friction compared with that of cartilage-on-glass configuration tested under the same lubricants and experimental conditions

Biography

Masihuddin A. Jaigirdar is an expert in pharmaceutics with a distinguished professional background. He has served as a Product Development Scientist and is a retired Senior Reviewer CMC Chemist at the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), specifically within the Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ) and the Office of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Assessment (OPMA-III). His wealth of experience in the field makes him a highly knowledgeable presenter. He will be delivering this presentation at the Conference on Pharmaceutics in Singapore on September 23, 2024.

Abstract

You have proposed for the commercial batch in the 2000L S.E blender having same blending and lubricating times of 10 minutes and 5 minutes respectively as that of 750L S.E Blender used for the exhibit batch. This is very unusual. Though for diffusion type mixer moving to a larger blender the same number of revolutions will be required. However, the blend time would increase due to the fact the larger the blender, the slower the vessel rotates.  Please justify your rationale for having same mixing time between these two blenders. Also please provide the rotational speed (rpm) for the 2000L S.E. Blender You used 30 station Fette tablet press for the compression of exhibit batch tablets and proposed to use a 49 station Fette Tablet press for the commercial batch.  Please provide your comparative press speed to maintain their same dwell time from scale-up perspective

Biography

Abstract

Increasing attention has been paid to the purity of therapeutic proteins imposing extensive costs and challenges to the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. One of the efforts, that has been exerted to overcome such limitations, was developing multimodal or mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) resins. However, protein adsorption-desorption in mixed-mode resins becomes complicated due to several interactions with the ligand’s functional groups.  In this work, the explanation of practical and key aspects of downstream processing of recombinant proteins with or without MMC resins will be debated. Then, after complete elucidation of the potential of MMC resins, the effects of frequently used additives and their possible interactions during the purification process, the critical characteristics of common product-related, host-related, and process-related impurities will be discussed.  Due to such complexities, the design of experiment (DOE) will be introduced as a suitable tool for developing a meticulous optimization process in protein purification using multimodal resins.

Biography

Dr. Szenasi is a postdoctoral research associate at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, specializing in chemotherapy resistance in luminal breast cancer. He earned his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from the University of Liverpool, focusing on therapeutic approaches to reverse platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. He holds an MBA in Entrepreneurship and Innovation from the University of London and an MSc in Nanomedicine from Swansea University. Dr. Szénási has extensive experience in medicine, nanomedicine, and translational drug development, with a strong background in collaborative research and innovation.

Abstract

Acquired platinum resistance poses a significant therapeutic impediment to ovarian cancer patient care, accounting for more than 200,000 deaths annually worldwide. We previously identified that overexpression of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in ovarian cancer is associated with a platinum-resistant phenotype via conferring oxidative stress resistance against platinum compounds. We further demonstrated that enzymatic inhibition using small-molecule inhibitors or silencing of SOD1 via RNA interference (RNAi) increased cisplatin sensitivity and potency in vitro. We launched this study to explore the potential therapeutic applications of SOD1 silencing in vivo in order to reverse cisplatin resistance using a graphene-based siRNA delivery platform. PEGylated graphene oxide (GO) polyethyleneimine (GO^PEI-mPEG) nanoparticle was complexed with SOD1 siRNA. (Figure 1) GO^PEI-mPEG-siSOD1 exhibited high biocompatibility, siRNA loading capacity, and serum stability, and showed potent downregulation of SOD1 mRNA and protein levels. We further observed that cisplatin and PEI elicited mitochondrial dysfunction and transcriptionally activated the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR^mt) used as a reporter for their respective cytotoxicities. SOD1 silencing was found to augment cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity resulting in considerable tumour growth inhibition in cisplatin-sensitive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780^DDP subcutaneous mouse xenografts. Our study highlights the potential therapeutic applicability of RNAi-mediated targeting of SOD1 as a chemosensitizer for platinum-resistant ovarian cancers.

Biography

Aghapy Yermans Yakoup is a graduate, batch 2023, with a biomedical sciences major (BMS) (medical sciences concentration) from Zewail City for Science, Technology, and Innovation. In addition, I have worked as a junior researcher assistant (jRA) in the Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy (CMP) in Zewail City for Science, Technology, and Innovation from Fall 2021 until Summer 2023. I am interested in finding new solutions to eliminate multi-drug-resistant bacteria and inventing new compounds that can be antibiotic alternatives. Also, I am interested in the medical microbiology field. In the future, I plan to enroll in a Ph.D. program that aims to find new applicable solutions for infectious diseases in different body systems like the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Abstract

Recently, multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are responsible for a large number of infectious diseases that can be life-threatening. Globally, new approaches are targeted to solve this essential issue. This study aims to discover novel antibiotic alternatives by using the whole components of the biofilm layer as a macromolecule to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a promising agent against MDR. In particular, the biosynthesized biofilm-AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopes, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), zeta sizer, and potential while their effect on bacterial strains, and normal cell lines was identified. Accordingly, biofilm-AgNPs have a lavender-colored solution, spherical shape, with a size range of 20–60 nm. Notably, they have inhibitory effects when used on various bacterial strains with concentrations ranging between 12.5 and 25 µg/mL. In addition, they have an effective synergistic effect when combined with phage ZCSE9 to inhibit and kill Salmonella enterica with a concentration of 3.1 µg/mL. In conclusion, this work presents a novel biosynthesis preparation of AgNPs using biofilm for antibacterial purposes to reduce the possible toxicity by reducing the MICs using phage ZCSE9.

Biography

He is a practicing physician in the field of healthcare in the state of Kerala in India for the last 36 years and very much interested in basic research. His interest is spread across the fever, inflammation and back pain. He is a writer. He already printed and published Ten books on these subjects. He also wrote hundreds of articles in various magazines.  have published 11 articles on fever in various journals.

Abstract

Depletion of ProstaglandinE2 and glutathione, which reduces inflammation, can also increase inflammation. These fundamental errors have led to the treatment of fever with antipyretic agents. No such treatment or science was found even in the Stone Age.

No other illness or symptom is more unscientific than justifying the administration of paracetamol for fever. There is no one percent evidence that paracetamol increases blood flow by reducing inflammation and helping the immune system in any way. At the same time, there is 100% evidence that paracetamol increases inflammation, reduces blood flow and destroys the immune system.

Prescribing paracetamol for fever is murderous as it depletes substances such as prostaglandin E2 and glutathione which increase blood flow and sustain life.